The "Blob," a significant marine heat wave in the Northeast Pacific Ocean from 2013 to 2016, had profound effects on climate and marine ecosystems. Predicting such events is challenging due to the ...

Reconstructing the three-dimensional structure of the ocean interior relies on combining satellite observations of the surface with sparse in situ measurements to infer subsurface temperature, ...

Data assimilation is an important mathematical discipline in earth sciences, particularly in numerical weather prediction (NWP). However, conventional data assimilation methods require significant ...

Understanding Earth's climatic past is essential for predicting future scenarios. In a recent review published in Science China Earth Sciences, Mingsong Li and his colleagues from Peking University ...

Data assimilation is a mathematical discipline that integrates observed data and numerical models to improve the interpretation and prediction of dynamical systems. It is a crucial component of Earth ...

Spider plot of one- and 10-day forecast (A) RMSE and (B) bias for YHGO and GLO12V4, normalized by the maximum value for each metric. Over 70% of the Earth is covered by oceans. Altogether, the Earth’s ...