Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is cell-free DNA (cfDNA) that is shed into the bloodstream from apoptotic or necrotic tumor cells, and thus reflects the genomic features of the tumor of origin 1. Since ...
We conducted a two-phase evaluation. First, we assessed LLMs (GPT o4-mini and Gemini 2.5 Pro) on 1,000 synthetic clinical hematology/oncology vignettes with ...