We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors ...

In the STEPAR method, PROC FORECAST first fits a time trend model to the series and takes the difference between each value and the estimated trend. (This process is called detrending.) Then, the ...

Both exponential smoothing method and SARIMA model belong to time series models and are often applied to the prediction of time series data 27,28. Therefore, this study intends to use exponential ...

The ARIMA model equivalency to the additive version of Winters method is the ARIMA(0,1,p+1)(0,1,0) p model The moving-average form of the equation is For the additive version of Winters method (see ...