Modulation is the act of translating some low-frequency or baseband signal (voice, music, and data) to a higher frequency. Why do we modulate signals? There are at least two reasons: to allow the ...

Modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) has emerged as a pivotal technique in modern atomic physics and optical metrology. By utilising the nonlinear interaction between a modulated pump beam and an ...

The process of varying the AMPLITUDE of a sound, often periodically. An example of AM is the violinist's TREMOLO, where the amplitude of the vibrating string is rapidly altered by a movement of the ...

One of the fascinating features of human hearing is its ability to localize sound. While the human ear usually does this with binaural cues, it is, in fact, possible to locate sound direction with ...

Frequency spread spectrum (FSS) is a technique that’s been widely used in power-conversion designs to reduce electromagnetic-interference (EMI) noise. But optimizing EMI without compromising on other ...