"Involution-style" competition can refer to corporate decision-making behavior in a scenario where "supply-side expansion ...

Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK. I will explain the occurrence of involution as a social phenomenon through the lens of educational inequality, arguing that involution is ...

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Foreign Language Teaching and Learning in Chinese Higher Education: Emerging Challenges ...

Over the past few months, Chinese people from all walks of life, be they software developers, stay-at-home moms, or elite university students, have all discovered their daily lives can be accurately ...

Chinese TV drama A Love for Dilemma (“小舍得”) has reignited an ongoing debate about the problem of ‘involution’ in Chinese society today. In the series, two stepsisters compete against each other over ...

In economic policy documents, Beijing’s leadership used the term “involution”, neijuan in Chinese, in efforts to combat excessive competition in market segments such as photovoltaics and lithium ...