“There are five fundamental operations in mathematics,” the German mathematician Martin Eichler supposedly said. “Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and modular forms.” Part of the joke, ...
A [modular multiplicative inverse][1] of an integer $a$ is an integer $x$ such that $a\cdot x$ is congruent to 1 modular some modulus $m$. To write it in a formal way ...
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