Abstract: Modular multiplication is one of the most important operations in the public key cryptographic algorithms. In order to design a high-performance modular multiplier, we present a novel hybrid ...

Montgomery modular multiplication is a pivotal technique for performing modular arithmetic without explicit division by the modulus, thereby speeding up exponentiation routines in public‐key schemes ...

Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) over prime fields relies on scalar point multiplication realized by point addition and point doubling. Point addition and point doubling operations consist of many ...

Reversible circuits for modular multiplication Cx%M with x M arise as components of modular exponentiation in Shor's quantum number-factoring algorithm. However, existing generic constructions focus ...

Found on the web: "A modular multiplication circle is a visualization that uses a circle to represent numbers in a specific modulus and draws lines to connect points based on a multiplication pattern.