Abstract: Novice researchers have difficulties in operationalization (breaking down of abstract concepts to measurables) and generalization (generalize the findings to make claims). We have designed a ...

Current discussions on improving the reproducibility of science often revolve around statistical innovations. However, equally important for improving methodological rigour is a valid ...

Operationalization: Wikipedia states, "Operationalization thus defines a fuzzy concept so as to make it clearly distinguishable, measurable, and understandable by empirical observation. In a broader ...

Measurements of abstract constructs have been criticized for a very long time in the social sciences due to their theoretical limitations 1. However, their extensive use in research and practical ...