Predicate logic is an extension of propositional logic. Here we consider what is called first-order predicate logic, abbreviated FOL (sometimes abbreviated PL1, not to be confused with the programming ...
\phi = \forall x\, \bigl((\exists y\, P(x, \blue{y}, z)) \land (\forall z\, P(x, \red{y}, z))\bigr). &\text{约束出现: } \exists y\, P(x, \blue{y}, z) \text ...
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