Eliminating software adjustments in circuits based on digital logic improves robustness and reduces cost for small-production-run series. This circuit is a cost-improved version of classical QPSK ...

This paper is the study of the QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift keying) modulation technique using AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) and Multipath Rayleigh fading channel. In QPSK scheme the authors ...

Free Space Optics is the technology which implies the line-of-sight link for the transfer of data between two distant points. The beam of light is used to provide optical connection that can transmit ...