The major assumption behind traditional parametric procedures--more fundamental than normality and homogeneity of variance--is the assumption that we have randomly sampled from some population ...

Random assignment is insufficient for measured treatment responses to recover causal effects (comparative statics) in dynamic economies. We characterize analytically bias probabilities and magnitudes.

Exploiting the random assignment of Medicaid beneficiaries to managed care plans, we find substantial plan-specific spending effects despite plans having identical cost sharing. Enrollment in the ...

Write an application that uses random-number generation to create sentences. Use four arrays of strings, called article, noun, verb, and preposition. As each word is picked, concatenate it to the ...