Randomization is one of the most persuasive techniques for determining cause and effect. Half of a certain group get a treatment; half don't. Compare. If the groups were truly chosen at random, and ...

1 Department of Computer Science, College of Informatics, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan 2 College of Education, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan Randomization is a standard ...

Simple random assignment assigns all subjects to an experimental condition with an equal probability by flipping a (weighted) coin for each subject. For example, you might want subjects to be randomly ...

Abstract: Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversar-ial examples, they can be deceived by adding imperceptible perturbations on benign inputs. Moreover, people exploit the transferability of ...